Tuesday, 22 December 2015

冬至的由来,传说。



冬至(WinterSolstice),是中国农历中一个重要的节气,也是中华民族的一个传统节日,冬至俗称“冬节”、“长至节”、“亚岁”等。
这也是在我国马来西亚华人的传统节日。在二千五百多年前的春秋时代,中国就已经用土圭观测太阳,测定出了冬至,它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个,时间在每年的阳历12月21日至23日之间,这一天是北半球全年中白天最短、夜晚最长的一天。
中国大部分地区在这一天还有北方吃饺子、南方吃汤圆和南瓜的习俗。
北方还有不少地方,在冬至这一天有吃狗肉和羊肉的习俗,因为冬至过后天气进入最冷的时期,中医认为羊肉狗肉都有壮阳补体有功效,民间至今有冬至有进补的习俗。
而我国马来西亚华人多数为南方人则有着冬至吃汤圆的习俗。

南方人吃汤圆

据传,汤圆起源于宋朝。当时各地兴起吃一种新奇食品,即用各种果饵做馅,外面用糯米粉搓成球,煮熟后,吃起来香甜可口,饶有风趣。
因为这种糯米球煮在锅里又浮又沉,所以它最早叫“浮元子”,后来有的地区把“浮元子”改称元宵。
后来吃汤圆在明、清时期已经约定俗成。
在冬至这天,要“作粉圆”或“粉糯米为丸”,名‘汤圆’”。做好汤圆后要祀神祭祖,而后合家围吃汤圆,叫做“添岁”。
另一种传说,1912年袁世凯篡夺革命成果,做了大总统,他一心想当皇帝,又怕人民反对,一天到晚提心吊胆的。
因为“元”和“袁”、“宵”与“消”是同音的,“袁消”有“袁世凯被消灭”之嫌,于是在1913年元宵节前,袁世凯就下令把元宵改为汤圆。这便是传说中汤圆名称的来历。


北方人吃饺子

相传南阳医圣张仲景曾在长沙为官,他告老还乡那时适是大雪纷飞的冬天。
他看见南阳白河两岸的乡亲衣不遮体,有不少人的耳朵被冻烂了,心里非常难过,就叫其弟子在南阳关东搭起医棚,用羊肉、辣椒和一些驱寒药材放置锅里煮熟,捞出来剁碎,用面皮包成像耳朵的样子,再放下锅里煮熟,做成一种叫“驱寒矫耳汤”的药物施舍给百姓吃。
服食后,乡亲们的耳朵都治好了。后来,每逢冬至人们便模仿做着吃,是故形成“捏冻耳朵”此种习俗。以后人们称它为“饺子,也有的称它为“扁食”和“烫面饺”,人们还纷纷传说吃了冬至的饺子不冻人。


Monday, 21 December 2015

Tips for chambering students during interview


Looking for your master? a chambering/pupilage position? But first thing first, are you well prepared to the interview? Other than prepare your resume and transcripts, your communication skills are important as well.
The normal interview(normally 1 hour) = Intro yourself + questions + answers
The formal interview (eg. Rajah Dar...Wong & P...ZIC...)(normally 2 hours) = Writing skills test (eg. laws essay) + communication skills test (face to face interview)
1. Introduce Yourself
A common question and the first question that an interviewer will ask. I always have my own sequence in introduce myself. You can have your own as well. Here are my steps.
A. Basic information.
  • Name
  • Age
  • Education backgrounds (Eg: from your high school(spm) onwards)
*MUST mention about your edu backgrounds even if you have written on your resume, reason being the interviewer wants to hear from you & bear in mind that the interviewer might not even read words in words of your resume. So it's better for you to tell them verbally*
B. Your Family's background
  • How many siblings you have?
  • What are your parents & siblings doing?
  • How you been brought up? eg. chinese edu/english edu
Reason: They want to know more about you. Family backgrounds affect one's personality, character & attitude. Do not need to worry and hide if yours are not good, at least now you're a law graduate and the interviewer can see your efforts you been putting on till today.
C. Your Hobbies
Reason: A person's character & attitude can be reflected from your hobby. What more they are interviewer or even partners from the firm, attitude and character are essential for them in deciding whether to take you or not. Standing at their position, if you're the master, you'll also be the same being very careful in choosing your student since you'll carry the full responsibility after on.
For example: I like travelling (please don't bluff the interviewer as they will ask you many questions about your hobby)
Bear in mind the questions. Take the example above, they may ask you how often do you travel? and even they may consider about your travel leave. They might ask you how do you keep your work in done and how do you manage your time since you're not allowed to take leave during chambering. So do other hobbies when you mention.
Try to link your hobby with your good attitude. For example, when you say you like travelling, at the same time tell them you like to explore to blah blah blah, their cultures blah blah blah.....thus to link with your attitude that you like to learn, get exposures...
D. What do you know about this firm?
  • where do you find this firm? eg. legal500, barcouncil jobs...
  • why do you choose this firm? eg. this is a corporate firm which I'm interested in.
E. Your advantages & weaknesses
  • 3 advantages -try to avoid common advantages for example, I'm willing to learn(I can guarantee you that they will tell you this is too common and boring.) Use these advantages like I'm easy outgoing, friendly, can get well with new colleagues, easily adapt to new working environments.
  • 1 weakness-numbers of your weakness never more than your advantages. No one is perfect, remember to tell them how would you improve your weakness.
  • Tell them what benefits you'll get if you hire me. what you can contribute to the firm?

2. Always get prepared of whatever surprises which might happen during your interview.
So, what are the surprises I meant?
For example, the interviewer might ask you about legal theory questions or even test you on the spot to see your adaptability. Since these questions have fix answers, why not just prepare the answer before attending an interview. It only takes you few hours to revise your law theories. I have once been asked about how to remove a private caveat. haha...

3. Get ready for questions
If you are not asked to intro or you didn't intro much at the beginning, high probably that they will ask you questions like why do you choose our firm? why do you study law?
Do not bluff as they prefer an honest applicant rather than the one who bluff everything.
It's your choice if you do not want to tell much about yourself. My opinion is please speak more during interview to catch their attention on you.
*Another point, don't be so serious like you're talking in police station. Treat them as normal people like your friends, add a little jokes to make them laugh & avoid the 'too formal' conversation. But this is also depend on each firms.*
One thing is that some interviewers might not ask you much questions at the end, if you didn't tell them more about yourself, the interview may just end like this. So grab the chance!

Thursday, 17 December 2015

马来西亚联邦宪法及议会法案的冲突 Confliction between Federal Constitution and Act of Parliament

这是我在实习的日子里第一次做的PP。内容可能不大仔细,因为有时间限制也只能用简介来表达。

为什么我会选择这个主题?记得以前在网上某人和我说马来西亚是没有人权保护法的。也许在马来西亚的一部分人也有像他这样的想法。

不过,人权保护法是的确存在。不仅,我国联邦宪法也把人权法制定成宪法其中的条例,举个例子,在联邦宪法里第十条例写道:“每一位人民享有发言自由的权利”。人权保护法是存在的。

那为什么在很多时候我们没有发言的权利?游行示威的权利?
那是因为我们国家的议会法案抑制了我们的种种发言权利,那问题又回到了其实我国就没有人权。

其实这是可以解释的,我国的法律分为两种,一是联邦宪法(我们经常说的宪法),二是议会法案(我们常说的法律)。要是两者冲突,联邦宪法的条例四清晰的解释联邦宪法会取代议会法案,也就意味了议会法案就不成法律效用,反之亦然。

问题二,谁决定有没有冲突,这归于联邦法院的大法官。要是没有冲突,那议会法案在法律上还是成效及可实施,那么所有人民就必须遵守该条法律。

就算是宪法让我们有发言的权利,可是我们的发言空间却被议会法案约束了。可是要是你的做法没触犯法律,那你还是有发言权的。当然,这就得看您如何走法律漏洞。

也许听起来会很矛盾,也造成为什么人们都说我国没有人权法。不过这些看法也是因人而异,要是触犯了国家宪法,还是可以把档案上诉到联邦法院,可是决定权利还是归于法官。

马来西亚联邦宪法:-
条例五:人民自主权
条例六:禁止奴隶和强迫劳动
条例七:禁止追溯性行法及重复审判的保障权
条例八:平等权
条例九:禁止流放,迁徒自由
条例十:言论自由,集会及协社自由
条例十一:宗教信仰自由
条例十二:受教育权
条例十三:财产权

https://www.scribd.com/doc/293486375/Constitution-Law-vs-Act-of-Parliament